It is most commonly used for showing possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English. A spoken definition of genitive case. (In the first case [subject] is Irene, and in the second case [subject] is virtual, it is "the space" at Irene's place, not Irene herself). For example, to a, u, i or y in Polish, а, я, ы or и in Russian, and similar cases in other Slavic languages. The archaic genitive case particle -ga ～が is still retained in certain expressions, place names, and dialects. The ending of the subject noun changes just as it does in possessive sentences. But, Modern Korean: igeoseun geu namja jadongchayeyo. A genitive can also serve purposes indicating other relationships. Many languages have a genitive case, including Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Basque, Czech, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, Georgian, German, Greek, Hungarian, Icelandic, Irish, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Romanian, Sanskrit, Scottish Gaelic, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Turkish and all Slavic languages except Bulgarian and Macedonian. The East Slavic languages (Russian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian) employ either the accusative or genitive for negation, although the genitive is more commonly used. Compare the sentences: In Russian, special partitive case or sub-case is observed for some uncountable nouns which in some contexts have preferred alternative form on -у/ю instead of standard genitive on -а/я: выпил чаю ('drank some tea'), but сорта чая ('sorts of tea'). Possessives can also be formed by the construction (pol.) The particle 嘅 (ge) or the possessed noun's classifier is used to denote possession for singular nouns, while the particle 啲 (dī) is used for plural nouns. One of the reasons that the status of ’s as a case ending is often rejected is that it does not behave as such, but rather as a clitic marking that indicates that a dependency relationship exists between phrases. There are four main cases in English. Genitive construction includes the genitive case, but is a broader category. The dative case refers to the case used for a noun or pronoun that is an indirect object. A noun is changed in the genitive case according to its use to show possession. The nominative case refers to the grammatical case used for a noun or pronoun when it is the subject of a verb. Familiarity information: GENITIVE used as a noun is very rare. [3] A genitive can also serve purposes indicating other relationships. This case does not indicate possession, but is a syntactic marker for the object, additionally indicating that the action is telic (completed). Information and translations of genitive-case in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. For example, in certain words ending in consonants, -e- is added, e.g. If the possessed object is feminine, the clitic is e. If the possessed object is plural, the clitic is e regardless of the gender. 의 is used to mark possession, relation, origination, containment, description/limitation, partition, being an object of a metaphor, or modification.[6]. For example: The genitive in Albanian is formed with the help of clitics. The genitive case is most commonly used to show possession, but it can also show a thing’s source or a characteristic/trait of something. The genitive case refers to the case used for a noun, pronoun, or adjective to show ownership of a noun. By the time of Middle Persian, the genitive case had been lost and replaced by an analytical construction which is now called Ezāfe. Rather, this refers to clothing for men. Old Persian had a true genitive case inherited from Proto-Indo-European. The genitive is used extensively, with animate and inanimate possessors. (Usually when some movement or change of state is involved, and when describing the source / destination of the movement. What is the accusative case? The Turkish possessive is constructed using two suffixes: a genitive case for the possessor and a possessive suffix for the possessed object. mies – miehen "man – of the man", and in some, but not all words ending in -i, the -i is changed to an -e-, to give -en, e.g. One can say the Queen’s dress, but also the Queen of England’s dress, where the genitive marker is completely separated from the actual possessor. To indicate possession the ending of the noun indicating the possessor changes depending on the word's ending in the nominative case. maa – maan "country – of the country". The genitive, in this sense, can only be used to negate nominative, accusative and genitive sentences, and not other cases. This construction was inherited by New Persian, and was also later borrowed into numerous other Iranic, Turkic and Indo-Aryan languages of Western and South Asia. This homophony has exceptions in Finnish, where a separate accusative -(e)t is found in pronouns, e.g. It indicated possession, and it is preserved today only in Arabic. The genitive singular definite article for masculine and neuter nouns is des, while the feminine and plural definite article is der. For example, many Afroasiatic languages place the head noun (rather than the modifying noun) in the construct state. lumi – lumen "snow – of the snow". What is the genitive case? What is the Genitive Case? The Hungarian genitive is constructed using the suffix -é. The Semitic genitive should not be confused with the pronominal possessive suffixes that exist in all the Semitic languages. However, some irregular English pronouns do have possessive forms which may more commonly be described as genitive (see English possessive). However, the cases have completely different functions, and the form of the accusative has developed from *-(e)m. (The same sound change has developed into a synchronic mutation of a final m into n in Finnish, e.g. With the exception of Bulgarian and Macedonian, all Slavic languages decline the nouns and adjectives in accordance with the genitive case using a variety of endings depending on the word's lexical category, its gender, and number (singular or plural). Instead, the possessive suffixes (-(j)e or -(j)a in the third person singular, depending on vowel harmony) mark the possessed object. the door of the house) and for nouns following a preposition. For example, in the phrase bean an tí (woman of the house), tí is the genitive case of teach, meaning "house". The accusative case refers to the case used for a noun or pronoun that is a direct object. The genitive case is also used in many prepositional constructions. The genitive case is also used in sentences expressing negation, even when no possessive relationship is involved. Genitive case marking existed in Proto-Semitic, Akkadian, and Ugaritic. In sentences where the possessor includes an associated pronoun, the pronoun also changes: And in sentences denoting negative possession, the ending of the object noun also changes: Note that the Polish phrase "nie ma [object]" can work both as a negation of having [object] or a negation of an existence of [object], Another example is barr an chnoic, "top of the hill", where cnoc means "hill", but is changed to chnoic, which also incorporates lenition. In some languages, nouns in the genitive case may be found in inclusio – that is, between the main noun's article and the noun itself. genitive (Adjective) Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses origin or possession. Define genitive case: the definition of genitive case is the grammatical case used to show a thing’s source, a trait or characteristic, or possession or ownership. This is an example of a noun possessing a noun using the apostrophe “-s” ending. In, summary, the genitive case: 1. is a grammatical case nouns, pronouns, and adjectives 2. is used for modification of nouns and pronouns 3. is usually formed with an apostrophe “-s” added to the end of a noun "u [subject] jest [object]" / (rus.) Definition of genitive-case in the Definitions.net dictionary. This page was last edited on 15 November 2020, at 08:46. The stem may change, however, with consonant gradation and other reasons. Use of genitive for negation is obligatory in Slovene, Polish and Old Church Slavonic. Him is in the dative case to indicate its function as an indirect object. If it were a genitive case as many other languages have (including Old English), one would expect something like *the Queen’s of England dress or, to emulate languages with a single consistent genitive case, *the England’s queen’s dress. Placing a modifying noun in the genitive case is one way of indicating that it is related to a head noun, in a genitive construction. They is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence. Typically, forming the genitive case involves adding an apostrophe followed by “s” to the end of a noun. For example: The Japanese possessive is constructed by using the suffix -no 〜の to make the genitive case. The Hokkien possessive is constructed by using the suffix ê (的 or 个 or 兮) to make the genitive case. but the meaning of the two sentences and its structure is different. For example: It also uses the suffix -na 〜な for adjectival noun; in some analyses adjectival nouns are simply nouns that take -na in the genitive, forming a complementary distribution (-no and -na being allomorphs). What does genitive-case mean? Czech prepositions using genitive case: od (from), z, ze (from), do (into), bez (without), kromě (excepting), místo (instead of), podle (after, according to), podél (along), okolo (around), u (near, by), vedle (beside), během (during), pomocí (using, by the help of), stran (as regards) etc. The genitive case is used with some verbs and mass nouns to indicate that the action covers only a part of the direct object (having a function of non-existing partitive case), whereas similar constructions using the Accusative case denote full coverage. 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