As with so many technological innovations, war hastened the development of the modern rocket and accelerated the space age. Developed in Germany from 1936 through the efforts of scientists led by Wernher von Braun, it was first successfully launched on October 3, 1942, and was fired against Paris on Upon launching, the missile rises six miles vertically; it then proceeds on an arced course, cutting off its own fuel according to the range desired. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. The A-4 used a 75% ethanol/25% water mixture (B-Stoff) for fuel and liquid oxygen (LOX) (A-Stoff) for oxidizer. “After a brief hiatus, he started working for the American army on their Redstone missile and that was a direct derivative of the V2,” says Millard. V stood for ‘vergeltungswaffen', or 'retaliatory weapon', and were a last-ditch attempt by the Germans to reverse the course of the war. Three trial launches had already failed; the fourth in the series, known as A-4, finally saw the V-2, a 12-ton rocket capable of carrying a one-ton warhead, successfully launched. If you would like to comment on this article, or anything else you have seen on Future, head over to our Facebook or Google+ page, or message us on Twitter. It was a beautiful clear day and, from the railway platform set high above the town, he could see across the calm North Sea to German-occupied Holland. The speech, which was actually written by Secretary of State William ...read more, On October 3, 1873, the United States military hangs four Native Americans found guilty of murdering the Civil War general Edward Canby during the Modoc War in Oregon. More than 2,700 Brits died because of the rocket attacks. With the destination “programmed” into the on-board analogue computer, once a rocket was in flight, its gyroscopes could continuously track the craft’s position in three dimensions. “America’s first astronaut, Alan Shepard, was launched [in 1961] on a version of the Redstone missile.”. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/technology/V-2-missile, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum - V-2 Missile, Engineering and Technology History Wiki - V1 and V2 Rockets, BBC - Future - V2: The Nazi rocket that launched the space age. The water reduced the flame temperature, acted as a coolant, tended to produce a smoother burn, and reduced thermal stress. After the war, both the United States and the Soviet Union captured samples of the rockets for reproduction–they also captured the scientists responsible for their creation. V2 rockets killed or injured thousands during a six-month reign of terror (Getty Images), “There had been smaller rockets built in the 1930s but this was far bigger with a greater range,” Millard says. It takes very few resources to make a mobile phone. Canby was the highest ranking military official–and the only general–ever killed by Native Americans. The first to die was Bobby Sands, the imprisoned Irish Republican Army (IRA) leader who initiated the protest on March 1, 1981–the fifth ...read more, With the admission of Iraq into the League of Nations, Britain terminates its mandate over the Arab nation, making Iraq independent after 17 years of British rule and centuries of Ottoman rule. Corrections? After World War II, V2's were exhaustively tested by the US and the Soviet Union (SPL).
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